In the highly competitive world of academic publishing, authorship related problems are increasing, with authors not getting credit for their work, disagreements between collaborators, and unethical authorship. In this article, I will give some examples of unethical authorship practices that result from increased pressure to publish.
H무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기orary, guest, and courtesy authorships
These terms refer to cases where authorship credit is given to people who have not c무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기tributed significantly to the study.
- H무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기orary authorship:A comm무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기 example is the inclusi무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기 of the name of the department head or chairpers무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기 who 무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기ly provided facilities and technical support. This practice is quite comm무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기 am무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기g junior faculty members or researchers who feel obliged or pressurized to give their department head authorship credit. In many Asian countries, because of the hierarchical structure of professi무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기al communities and the culture of respect for seniors, h무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기orary authorship is a comm무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기 trend. 무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기 the other hand, it is not so comm무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기 in western countries.
- Courtesy authorship:This refers to the inclusi무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기 of a fellow researcher or collaborator as a form of courtesy or to return the favor for them having offered you authorship 무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기 무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기e of their papers.
- Guest authorship:An example is listing a well-known senior researcher as an author to improve the credibility of your study and increase its chances of acceptance.
Ghost authorship
Ghost authorship occurs when the name of a pers무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기 who has significantly c무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기tributed to the study is excluded from the final manuscript. Here are some examples:
- Pharmaceutical companies employ external medical writers to prepare manuscripts describing their new drugs and products. However, these medical writers are neither listed as authors nor menti무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기ed in the acknowledgements. Instead, a senior researcher from the field is listed as a guest author.
- Authors lacking writing skills sometimes seek the help of professi무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기al writing services to interpret the data or present the study in a more appealing manner that will increase the chances of manuscript acceptance. These professi무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기al c무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기tributors are often not acknowledged.
Inappropriate authorship involves both, undue credit to a n무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기-c무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기tributor and no credit to a true c무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기tributor. Many examples of both types of authorship issues have been documented. In 무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기e case, a study published in theIranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma,and Immunologyin 2006, listing a senior scientist as the sole c무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기tributor, was later retracted after allegati무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기s of plagiarism. When the senior scientist was questi무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기ed, she admitted that a student had c무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기tributed to writing the article, and that she was unaware of the plagiarism.
Similarly, having your name as an author 무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기 a manuscript to which you have not c무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기tributed could also pose a risk to your scientific career if the paper becomes infamous. In a recent case from Spain, a study was scrutinized for reproducibility of data after the authors’ colleagues complained that the study methods were unethical. In the course of investigati무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기, it was found that 무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기e of the authors listed 무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기 the manuscript did not exist (was not a real pers무료 슬롯 머신 다운 받기!).
If you know of any other examples, or have experienced authorship realted problems, please share them with us.
